Visible and infrared emission from Er₂O₃ nanoparticles, and Ho⁺³, Tm⁺³, and Sm⁺³ doped in AlN for optical and biomedical applications

Rare-earth ions holmium (Ho+3), Thulium (Tm+3), and Samarium (Sm+3) were investigated for \ninfrared emission and their possible biomedical applications by a photoluminescence (PL) \nsystem. Holmium’s (Ho+3) emission peaks were the result of transitions \n5 \nS2 → \n5 \nI7, \nand \n5 \nS2 → \n5 \nI5 \nrespectively. Samarium’s (Sm+3) emission peaks were 936 nm and 1863 nm. Thulium’s (Tm+3) \nemission peaks were the a result of transitions \n3 \nH4 → \n3 \nH6, \n3 \nH5 → \n3 \nH6 , and \n3 \nF4 → \n3 \nH6 respectively. \nErbium Oxide nanoparticles (Er2O3) mixed with water by a photoluminescence (PL) system. \nErbium Oxide’ (Er2O3) nanoparticle’s emission peaks were the a result of transitions \n4 \nI15/2 → \n4 \nS3/2 \n, \n4 \nI15/2 → \n4 \nI13/2 respectively. The process was also repeated in vacuum and it was found that \nthe green emission enhances tremendously when the nanoparticles are excited in vacuum. This \nenhanced luminescence from the Erbium Oxide nanoparticles shows their potential importance \nin the optical devices and Biomedical applications.