The Socio-Economic Factor and the Oral Hygiene Absence, Determined as a Risk Factor Regarding the Children Gingival Diseases of Age 11-15

The Gingivitis are often defined as diseases that affect school-age children often causing pain and depression, accompanied with not a very good learning performance at school. Studies have shown a high prevalence related to them. Gingivitis is caused by local as well by systemic factors. Frequently, it is caused by an inadequate hygiene leading to inflammation, bleeding of the gum and the formation of a bacterial plaque. If left untreated it progresses to more severe gums diseases, such as periodontal diseases, up to the destruction of bone and tooth loss. (1,4) The main cause of gingivitis is the plaque, a thin adhesive layer formed over the teeth as a result of mixing food waste with bacteria that are found in the mouth. Children are more affected by gingivitis diseases, due to a specific building of periodontal and to the poor hygiene in the mouth. For this reason, the prevalence of gingivitis is very high in children, particularly in adolescence. The prevalence of gingivitis is different in different communities and it varies from 50-100%. (5,8) Gingivitis is the most common form of the gingival diseases in children aged over 5 years old. It is characterized by the presence of clinical signs of limited inflammation to the gingival (gums), which is accompanied with exposure of the tooth without loss of gums attachment. (2) Gingival disease caused by the dental plaque is the result of an interaction between microorganisms found in the dental plaque and to the inflammatory cells and tissues of the body. The interaction between the plaque and the body shall be alternated from the effects of local systemic factors or both; by drugs, poor oral hygiene, dental anatomy and malnutrition which can influence the rate and duration of response. (3,6) Gingival lesions, which are not caused by the dental plaque as an oral manifestations of the systemic conditions that cause lesions periodontium tissues are very rare. These are observed in groups with a lower social and economic development, in the developing countries and in individuals with a compromised immune system. (7.14). Keywords: Gingivitis, dental plaque, inflammatory cells, drugs, poor oral hygiene, dental anatomy and malnutrition, etc.