Calculation of forces on moored ships due to passing ships

Ships moored along channels in ports experience forces due to ships passing in the channel, which can lead to breaking of mooring lines or excessive ship motions. A numerical model to predict these passing ship effects is described in this paper. The model, which is based on boundary-integral equations, is validated against model tests for a container ship passing a bulk carrier. The results focus on the effect of quay and channel walls on the forces on the moored ship, and on the non-linear effects of the forces at high (but subcritical) passing speeds.