Wave Overtopping of Breakwaters Under Oblique Waves

A series of hydraulic model tests has been carried out in a wave basin with the aim of studying the effect of oblique waves on the wave overtopping of traditional rubble mound breakwaters without superstructure. The model tests concentrated on measuring the mean overtopping discharge for wave attacks varying from 0° (perpendicular to the structure) up to 50°. Analyses of the overtopping results were made with respect to the significant wave height, wave steepness, crest free board, crest width and angle of wave attack. The paper describes the influence of these parameters on the mean overtopping discharge for a traditional rubble mound breakwaters with an armour layer slope of 1:2.0.