Non-chemical, non-nuclear advanced propulsion for space applications: Panorama and Roadmap

This paper has been prepared in the frame of IAA Advanced Propulsion Working Group (IAA Study Group #3.1) and is focused on non-chemical, non-nuclear propulsion concepts for space application, excluding Breakthrough-Propulsion Physics concepts. Three main families of propulsion are considered in this: launch-assist catapult systems using Lorentz Rail Accelerator, beamed energy propulsion (Laser/Microwave Thermal and Electric Propulsion) and beamed momentum propulsion (solar and electromagnetic sails). The paper reminds the principle and physics behind each concept and variants and gives an updated view of the current Technological Readiness Level, including recent technological developments as well as ground and in-flight experimentations. The advantages, drawbacks and positioning of these concepts with regards to other propulsion solutions are discussed. Finally, a roadmap is proposed, including the next steps identified to increase the Technical Readiness Level and pave the way to operational space applications.