1982•University of North Texas Digital Library (University of North Texas)Open access

The Effects of Grade Retention on the Academic Achievement of Elementary School Pupils

Edwin Dan Powell

Abstract

This study was undertaken in order to assess the effects of elementary school grade retention on the academic achievement of pupils. For each analysis in the study, norm-referenced standardized achievement tests were used as the dependent variable. Percentile rank score means in reading, language, and mathematics served as achievement indicators.

Open-access reader

About this research paper

What this paper is about

Why it matters

OpenAlex reports 1 citations for this work. Citation counts describe recorded attention and do not establish research quality.

Key contribution

A contribution statement is not available in the OpenAlex record.

Method / approach

Method details are not available in the OpenAlex metadata.

Main findings

Findings are not separately available in the OpenAlex metadata.

Limitations

Limitations are not available in the OpenAlex metadata.

Applications

Application details are not available in the OpenAlex metadata.

Available abstract

Key concepts: Mathematics education, Academic achievement, Percentile rank, Reading (process), Percentile, Grade retention, Achievement test, Psychology