КАТЕГОРІЯ СУБ'ЄКТА У ФІЛОСОФІЇ МАРТІНА ГАЙДЕГГЕРА: ПОСТАНОВКА ПРОБЛЕМИ.(The category of subject in Martin Heidegger's philosophy: exposition of the problem.)

Статтю присвячено побудові концептуального диспозитиву історико-філософськоїреконструкції категорії суб'єкта у філософському дискурсі Мартіна Гайдеггера. Встановлено парадигмальний характер категорії суб'єкта, яка поряд із категоріями буття, часу, події-присвоєння (Ereignis) постає константою Гайдеггерівського філософування. Експліковано зміст Гайдеггерівської критики суб'єктивності як прояву нігілістичних інтенцій в історії європейської цивілізації. (The article exposes the problem of historico-philosophical reconstruction of the category of subject in the philosophical discourse of Martin Heidegger. It is proved that subject along with being, time and event-of-appropriation (Ereignis) is a constant theme of Heidegger's thinking. Heidegger's criticism focuses on subjectivity as a token of nihilistic intentions of European civilization. Heidegger sets forth the question of the subject as the prior problem and the obstacle on his way towards asking the question about Being. The German philosopher claims that since the times of ancient Greeks the latter had been abandoned to oblivion, repressed by the figure of the transcendental subject of modernity drawing human thinking away from ontology to essentialist anthropology. In his early works Heidegger proposes existential transcription of the transcendental subject still required by phenomenology of Husserl but meant to get overcome through exposition of Dasein's modes of existence in the world. For Heidegger, attribution of absolute sovereignty to rationalizing subject in modern philosophy breeds anthropocentric ideologies in other spheres of human activities, which are blind and deaf to the light of nature and the call of being. Historiologically Heidegger executes conceptual destruction of European metaphysics aimed at reconstruction of the question of Being suppressed by the viral subjectivity. To disclose the subjectivist ideologies, he coins the term "Subjektitat" (subjectity) which refers not to some essential property or quality of certain beings (e.g. human beings) but the principle move of Being as such opening itselffor the work of gathering and mastery of re-creation. Despite his constant attempts to overcome the logics of metaphysics Heidegger can be hardly said to have it done so, since his analytic work remains transcendental. Nevertheless his category of subjectity evidently correlates with successive attempts to conceptualize some ontology without all too humane anthropology.)