Analytical Study of Battle Strategies Used at Marathon (490 BCE)

Abstract : This battle analysis examines the function of strategic leadership in the defeat of the Persians at the battle of Marathon. Development of a victorious strategy depends upon a clear understanding of the objective(s) and must include an accurate appraisal of one's assets and limitations as well as those of the enemy. Ultimately, a strategy must exploit one's strengths against an opponent's limitations by incorporating historical knowledge and adjusting to changes for current circumstances. Political and military leaders charged with formulating strategy operate in a world devoid of absolute knowledge and are forced to make assumptions on how their adversary will act or react. They understand completely the numerous factors that will affect a strategic performance. To accomplish a desired strategic result from a selected strategy requires visionary leadership. When countries go to war, strategic leadership is the one true thing that can unite a country and hold it together. The Athenians' actions at Marathon are most notable. Against the Persians, they lacked power to negotiate and were at a significant strategic disadvantage. Superior leadership was directly responsibility for the Athenian victory. Despite her strategic limitations, Athens would defy an Empire and furnish the Persians a crushing defeat.