Stress fractures in athletes: A literature review

Stress fractures are commonly seen in athletes. The lower extremities are more frequently involved than the upper extremities. Stress fractures usually occur after a recent increase in activity or repeated activity with limited rest. A high index of suspicion and timely diagnosis are crucial in order to avoid the severe secondary damage that can occur. Although stress fractures are significant for all patients, in athletic individuals they may bring about the end of their sporting careers. Treatment usually is conservative including activity modification and analgesics to relieve pain. Orthopedic surgeon consultation is indicated in patients with recurrent fractures, nonunion, or fractures in high-risk locations. This article reviews the latest scientific literature in reference to stress fractures in athletes. It goes some way to explaining the principles, approach and guidelines for the management.