Water Management Technologies in Agriculture: Challenges and Opportunities

IIn order to cope up with situations like excess or little availability of water leading either in flood or drought situation in the area, irrigation schedules and irrigation criteria have been developed for various crops under different agro-climatic conditions in order to apply adequate depth of irrigation at appropriate time. Research Institutions have standardized the design of gravity fed and pressurized irrigation methods suitable to soil, crop, and climate of the area. Technologies like in-situ moisture conservation, reduction in seepage loss in channels, rain water harvesting, surface and groundwater management, conjunctive use of water, multiple use of water, water and energy efficient irrigation devices, automation of micro-irrigation system etc. have also been developed and tested at various locations. This review work dedicated to the issues related to water management in holistic manner.