Breakwaters in the Hawaiian Islands
Robert Q. Palmer
Abstract
Robert Q. Palmer
Abstract
Changes in breakwater design since 1950; practical techniques have been developed for conducting wave hindcasts and refraction and diffraction analyses; new breakwaters and repair of structures in Kawaihae Harbor, Kahului Harbor, and Nawiliwili Harbor; rubble-mound constructions using stone, tetrapods, and tribars; model tests; proper design of head of breakwater and of berms against breaking waves; problems of severe overtopping.
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Changes in breakwater design since 1950; practical techniques have been developed for conducting wave hindcasts and refraction and diffraction analyses; new breakwaters and repair of structures in Kawaihae Harbor, Kahului Harbor, and Nawiliwili Harbor; rubble-mound constructions using stone, tetrapods, and tribars; model tests; proper design of head of breakwater and of berms against breaking waves; problems of severe overtopping.
Key concepts: Breakwater, Berm, Rubble, Geology, Refraction, Geotechnical engineering, Coastal engineering, Engineering