Parasitoids of the lime leaf miner Phyllonorycter issikii (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) recorded throughout the area it recently colonized

Phyllonorycter issikii (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) has recently spread over a considerable part of the Eurasian continent. So far, in Europe, unlike in Russia, it has not significantly affected its food plant (Tilia cordata), but its effect may increase over time. The regulating potential of associated parasitoid natural enemies is still low, which probably allows further leaf miner range expansion and population growth. This species is potentially capable of inflicting considerable damage on its host. Therefore, it is important to study its natural enemies, especially their oviposition behaviour and biology. In this paper, we summarize the results of rearing experiments throughout the area it has recently occupied, including our own study in Hungary. Here we list 46 species of parasitoids recorded from P. issikii. None of these species are likely to be able regulate the abundance of P. issikii. Further studies are needed to determine their effect on the abundance of this host.