Crashworthiness analysis in the automotive industry

Computer simulation of crash events has become a valuable and necessary tool in the design and improvement of automotive structures for better crashworthiness behaviour. Crashworthiness analysis has evolved through rapid improvements in computer technology, as well as through theoretical improvements in solid mechanics concerning large deformation dynamics and contact. Significant applications involve full car analysis such as frontal, rear, and side impact, as well as the analysis of components such as longitudinal beams, steering wheel systems, knee bolsters, seat belts and airbag–dummy interaction. The theoretical background needed in crashworthiness analysis is outlined. Current capabilities are shown on real applications; limitations and future technologies are discussed.