Subsurface drainage systems

A considerable amount of research has been done on the functioning of the pipe drain, the materials used and the installation methods, all of which has added to the sophistication and dependability of the pipe drainage system. In flat plains where large rectangular fields are the norm, the field drainage systems are commonly of the grid type. Most subsurface drainage for modern farming in temperate climates is achieved by means of pipe drain systems. Herringbone systems have an application in more irregular situations where only part of a field requires drainage. Composite systems often have significant advantages in drainage for salinity control in irrigated areas due to the non-interference of the underground drainage system. The required pump capacity must match the capacity of the drainage system such that during peak flow periods the pump can operate continuously while satisfying drainage discharge requirements. As the growing season progresses, drainage requirements should decrease and the pump will then run intermittently.