Influence of Slow Release Urea Fertilizer on Growth, Yield and N Uptake on Maize under Calcareous Soil Conditions

Heavy N losses are always associated with urea fertilizer application therefore, improving its efficiency is crucial to reduce economic and environmental losses related with its application.The viable approach to reduce the N losses from the surface applied urea is to coat it with sulfur, urease inhibitor and other biodegradable materials.Field experiment were conducted to investigate the impact of super and urease coated urea on growth, yield, yield components and N uptake in maize under calcareous soil conditions of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) during 2011-12.The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 4 replications each.Urea coated with urease (agrotain) and nitrification inhibitors (super urea) were applied at 90 kg and 120 kg N ha -1 in 2 or 3 splits.The fertilizer treatments were applied at sowing, after 30 and 60 days of sowing (DAS), respectively.The results showed that inhibitors treated urea significantly improved the growth, yield and yield components of maize crop over granular urea and control treatment.Super urea shows its superiority over agrotain in terms of increased yield.Inhibitors application at 90 kg N ha -1 has pronounced effect than 120 kg N ha -1 .Three splits of coated urea performed better than 2 splits.The highest improvement of 38.06% in grain yield and 45.13% in total N uptake was obtained in treatment receiving super urea at 90 kg N ha -1 compared with granular urea at 90 kg N ha -1 .Agrotain treated urea at 90 kg N ha -1 gave the next highest improvement of 30.55% in grain yield and 38.87% in total N uptake than granular urea and control plots at 90 kg N ha -1 .These results suggest that the combined use of urease + nitrification inhibitors (super urea) was better than urease alone.It was concluded that both agrotain and super coated urea delayed the urea hydrolysis and made the maximum N availability to plants and increase the yield of maize crop.