Survey the Effect of Renewable Energy on Sustainable Development in Selected Countries over the World (Case Study: Electricity)

Today energy sector plays a key role in achieving sustainable development and it is one of the most important indicators of economic development. Increased demand for fossil fuels and the impending completion of these resources and its following, forecast for global energy price increases due to the limited fossil resources, and faced the world with energy crisis. Hence the importance and necessity of changing the current system of production and consumption of energy and replacing it with renewable energy resources to meet future global energy needs for survival, evolution and development appears. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of renewable energy and on sustainable development, recognizing the status of renewable energies in electricity production and achieving sustainable development. In the present study, the impact of renewable energy on sustainable development through panel – data, using fixed effects and for a period of 7 years (2001-2007), is examined. The findings of this study show that the variables in the model, the expectations are that there is a connection between renewable energy and sustainable development. Renewable energy in terms of technical, environmental and economic benefits plays an important role in the world's future energy combination. So the renewable energies is one of the most effective and influential ways on developing sustainable energy. Keyword: Renewable energy, sustainable development, electricity. The world will face energy crisis in the future. Increase of demands for fossil fuels and imminent completion of these resources and following that forecast of the increase in world price of energy due to limitation of fossil fuels has encountered the world with energy crisis. Therefore, the importance and necessity of changing the present system of consumption and production of energy and to replace it with renewable energies in order to response to energy needs of the world in the future, for existence, completion and development will be manifest. On the other hand, if the present processes of using fossil fuels continue, the extensive and negative consequences which come from widespread and immense use of fossil fuels, propagation of pollutants and increasing of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere will quicken the process of changing climate of the world and intensify the phenomenon of earth temperature rise. According to scientists, the temperature of the globe will averagely increase 6℃ until 2030. Thus, in order to protect the residential globe from these irreparable dangers, it is necessary to use renewable energies in all countries of the world. Furthermore the necessity of variation in the way of using of fossil fuels for their desirability and more useful applications is another important factor which manifests the necessity of usage of new energy resources. It is noteworthy that environmental problem and difficulties resulting from fossil fuels are a major threat to countries which don't have advanced technology. Therefore, diversification of a country's energy resources, which it needs to prosper, and application of new energy resources in order to reach economic, social and environmental developments and following that access to steady expansion are included in overall policies in energy sector and the entrance of private sector in arena of producing new energies and governments patronages (aids) are considered the important strategies in developing usage of renewable energies.