ASPECTS REGARDING THE SOIL COMPACTION IN THE FORESTRY NURSERIES: REQUIREMENTS, MEANS, TECHNOLOGY

The research in cause has as a purpose the identification of the technical means of optimal mechanisation used in the forest nurseries, which are meant to lead to an decrease degree of compaction, a rise of the qualitative level of the processing. The purpose of the research is scientifically motivated through the necessity of introducing new tools for the execution of the works implied for soil preparation about activity settlement. Soil compaction assumes volume compression of the soil under the action of external factors. As solid particles can not be compressed, the air pockets between them reduce and therefore through compaction the dimensions of the pores is modified, their distribution and also the soil durability. The degree of compaction of the soil can be estimated thru apparent density, total porosity and degree of settling. The researches were made in the forest nursery of Iosasel, following the influence of the tillage system over the soil bearing. The tillage systems that were applied were classic system (classical plough + 2X disks) and a minimal system (paraplow + rotary harrow). In the last decades, an enormous quantity of energy was spent at a global level to reduce the negative influences of the soil compaction caused by the influence of the anthropogenic activities. This research is justified in the context of the existence of some compressed soils, with weak aeration and weak development of the root of the forestry saplings. Together with the action of climatic nature, the soil, as a system, suffers from the influences of mechanical nature, related on one hand to the tillage process and, on the other hand, to the passing of equipments. According to the characteristics of the tools used and of the exploitation conditions, the first ones are extremely diverse, being conceived to fragmentize and break up the superior part of the soil. The passing of the equipments represents another way of destroying the texture of the soil, and to favour the apparition of the compaction phenomenon, at some point, in unfavourable climactic conditions, imposed by the cultural calendar. The soil compaction occurs at a certain degree of soil deformation. This fact can be noticed in the mass of the soil through the diminution of the structural pores, and thus the structural aggregates take the form of continuous facies.