Microstrip Antenna Design Using Transmission Line Model

Abstract—Microstrip antennas generally refer to printed antennas used for narrowband communication at ultra-high frequencies and microwave ranges. There are three basic methods of microstrip antenna design namely, transmission line model, cavity model and full-wave model. This paper focuses on the transmission line model for designing rectangular microstrip antennas otherwise called patch antennas. Basically, the key factors considered in the design of microstrip antennas include; operating frequency, dielectric constant of substrate and height of dielectric substrate. Our study showed that the higher the frequency of operation, the smaller will be the resulting patch length of the microstrip antenna and vice – versa. Plots of frequency versus patch length and patch length versus dielectric constant suggest that materials of low dielectric constant provide better performance. Keywords—Microstrip, antenna, dielectric constant, frequency of operation, patch length I.