Improving Security and Enhancing Energy Efficiency in Routing for Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless sensor networks are a new type of networked systems, characterized by severely constrained computational and energy resources, and an ad hoc operational environment. Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have been increasingly available for large-scale applications in which energy efficiency & security is an important performance measure. Driven by the energy & security limitation nature of WSNs lots of research works have been done in aspects such as nodes replication,data aggregation routing, clustering for better coverage of network security moniroting etc.In this paper we implement a grid network.Then we propose a Horizontal -Vertical method for load balancing of the grid network. I. Introduction Wireless Sensor Networks have emerged as an important new area in wireless technology. In the near future, the wireless sensor networks are expected to consists of thousands of inexpensive nodes, each having sensing capability with limited computational and communication power (1-3) which enable us to deploy a large-scale sensor network. A wireless network consisting of tiny devices which monitor physical or environmental conditions such as temperature, pressure, motion or pollutants etc. at different areas. Such sensor networks are expected to be widely deployed in a vast variety of environments for commercial, civil, and military applications such as surveillance, vehicle tracking, climate and habitat monitoring, intelligence, medical, and acoustic data gathering. The key limitations of wireless sensor networks are the storage, power and processing. These limitations and the specific architecture of sensor nodes call for energy efficient and secure communication protocols. The key challenge in sensor networks is to maximize the lifetime of sensor nodes due to the fact that it is not feasible to replace the batteries of thousands of sensor nodes. Therefore, computational operations of nodes and communication protocols must be made as energy efficient as possible. Among these protocols data transmission protocols have much more importance in terms of energy, Since the energy required for data transmission takes 70 % of the total energy consumption of a wireless sensor network (2). Area coverage and data aggregation (4), techniques can greatly help conserve the scarce energy resources by eliminating data redundancy and minimizing the number of data transmissions. Therefore, data aggregation methods in sensor networks are extensively investigated in the literature (4-7). Security in data communication is another important issue to be considered while designing wireless sensor networks, as wireless sensor networks may be deployed in hostile areas such as battlefields (2, 8-9). Therefore, data aggregation protocols should work with the data communication security protocols.