The Growth of Rhizophora mucronata and Avicennia marina Seedlings Planted Using Guludan Technique in Coastal Area of Jakarta 1

Recently, more than 50 % of mangroves in Indonesia have been destroyed by various kinds of causes. The prominent causes result in the mangrove degradation as well as mangrove deforestation are over-exploitation, water pollution and mangrove conversion to other non-vegetated uses (Kusmana, 2008). Those degraded mangrove are distributed in many coastal areas all over Indonesia from Aceh in the west to Papua in the east.