Methods for Fuel Cycle Analysis in Support of a Reduction of the Radiotoxicity of High Level Waste-11356
Maria C. Kretzing, Edward J. Lahoda
Abstract
Maria C. Kretzing, Edward J. Lahoda
Abstract
Growing concerns regarding the disposal of spent nuclear fuel (SNF) may hamper the nuclear renaissance. The industry must therefore provide politically and socially acceptable solutions for the waste disposal problem. It is believed that reducing the intermediate and long‐term radiotoxicity of SNF will alleviate many of these concerns and lead to broader public acceptance of nuclear power. Westinghouse is proposing a partition and transmutation strategy to substantially reduce the radiotoxicity of the high level waste in a 300‐year time frame with a synergistic application of advanced reprocessing and reactor technologies. The high level waste is the focus of this study because it has the highest level of toxicity for the longest period of time and is the most mobile of the various forms of waste. A steady state material balance based methodology has been developed to support this objective which enables the evaluation of the impact of alternative design choices on the back‐end of the nuclear fuel cycle, such as the reprocessing technology used, reactor design, etc. The composition of the spent fuel and various waste streams generated can be calculated and their radiotoxic content characterized. The paper details the methodology developed. A general steady state mass balance approach was developed for the back‐end of the fuel cycle (see Figure 1), where advanced reactors and reprocessing technologies would be in operation. The mass balance is used to calculate the composition of the waste that will be sent from the reprocessing facility to a permanent repository. Multiple scenarios are possible with different combinations of advanced reactors and reprocessing facilities. A software program has been created to streamline the analysis and facilitate the evaluation of these multiple scenarios. Each scenario can be evaluated based on the composition and radiotoxicity of the waste streams resulting from the mass balance.
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Growing concerns regarding the disposal of spent nuclear fuel (SNF) may hamper the nuclear renaissance. The industry must therefore provide politically and socially acceptable solutions for the waste disposal problem. It is believed that reducing the intermediate and long‐term radiotoxicity of SNF will alleviate many of these concerns and lead to broader public acceptance of nuclear power. Westinghouse is proposing a partition and transmutation strategy to substantially reduce the radiotoxicity of the high level waste in a 300‐year time frame with a synergistic application of advanced reprocessing and reactor technologies. The high level waste is the focus of this study because it has the highest level of toxicity for the longest period of time and is the most mobile of the various forms of waste. A steady state material balance based methodology has been developed to support this objective which enables the evaluation of the impact of alternative design choices on the back‐end of the nuclear fuel cycle, such as the reprocessing technology used, reactor design, etc. The composition of the spent fuel and various waste streams generated can be calculated and their radiotoxic content characterized. The paper details the methodology developed. A general steady state mass balance approach was developed for the back‐end of the fuel cycle (see Figure 1), where advanced reactors and reprocessing technologies would be in operation. The mass balance is used to calculate the composition of the waste that will be sent from the reprocessing facility to a permanent repository. Multiple scenarios are possible with different combinations of advanced reactors and reprocessing facilities. A software program has been created to streamline the analysis and facilitate the evaluation of these multiple scenarios. Each scenario can be evaluated based on the composition and radiotoxicity of the waste streams resulting from the mass balance.
Key concepts: Spent nuclear fuel, Nuclear transmutation, Nuclear fuel cycle, Radioactive waste, Waste management, Nuclear power, Environmental science, High-level waste