Study Change the Demographic Situation in Egypt between Employment and Unemployment (2002-2012)

In light of the world's attention to employment and unemployment issues as one of the priorities of development plans and policies overall, as well as the improvement for its indicators will result in reinforce the levels and opportunities of human development for each country. Indeed, this study is considered important because it traces the % change in both employment and unemployment rates in Egypt according to some demographic variables and it will focuses on monitoring the gender gap with regard to employment and unemployment to highlight the status of females in Egypt. Consequence, it will depend on data issued by the statistics and databases on the national level for the sake of compiling time series for the target period (2002-2012), and then using statistical methods that be suitable to achieve the objectives of this study. The study concluded that unemployment rates in Egypt was the highest in 2012, besides there are relative differences between males and females in labor force according to economic activity and educational status, as unemployment rate was highest among those have higher education, especially females, as there were significant differences in those rates that attributable to the gender and residence, as unemployment in urban was higher than rural. Births, the males unemployed in urban and males graduates of theoretical faculties were the highest impact on increasing the No. of unemployed in Egypt (2002-2012). The study recommends the adoption of the implementation of national projects of employment in collaboration with the private sector to limit the gender gap and reinforce the participation rate of youth in the labor force, especially females whose have highest education to reduce the aggravation problem of unemployment sharply. Moreover, It tries to attract attention of officials to develop plans and policies regarding these indicators to enhance the economic status within Egypt, in favor of youth and women together.