Paper Title: The Regulation, Operation, and Efficacy of Political Parties in Morocco

Our paper explores the political landscape of Morocco in the wake of major constitutional reforms in 2012. We discuss our interviews with representatives from the political parties currently in power, those currently in the opposition, and those organized political movements that have chosen to abstain from formal political participation. In our attempt to analyze whether Morocco's political parties may serve as productive conduits of political expression and democracy, we conclude that though some sparks of substantive political participation exist, major structural barriers continue to prevent the currently existing parties from truly serving as conduits to wider political participation and democratic legitimacy.