Characteristics of 3rd (Querci-fageta s. lat.) and 4th (Fageta (abietis) s. lat.) vegetation tiers of north-eastern Moravia and Silesia (Czech Republic)

Detailed characteristics (tree species composition, tree representation, identification features) are presented by 3rd (i.e. geobiocenoses of Querci-fageta s. lat.) and 4th (Fageta (abietis) s. lat.) vegetation tiers in north-eastern Moravia and Silesia. 3rd VT occupies 45.6% of the study area - from 190 m a.s.l. up to 430 m a.s.l. Fagus sylvatica is a dominant tree (with the height of 35-40 m). Quercus robur and Quercus petraea have their ecological optimums there with the representation of up to 30%. Abies alba occurs in the crown level with the representation of up to 10%. 4th occupies 35.2% of the study area - from 310 m a.s.l. up to 650 m a.s.l. Fagus sylvatica is dominant (the height over 50 m). Abies alba occurs in the co-dominant level (sporadically in the level exceeding the main level) with the representation of ±20% and the height of up to 50 m. Quercus petraea and Quercus robur occur only as an interspersed species with the representation of up to 10%, they do not reach the co-dominant tree level any more. Carpinus betulus is represented regularly only in the overtopped tree level.