Effect of the Aqueous Root Extract of Urena lobata (Linn) on the Liver of Albino Rat

The effects of the aqueous root extract of urena lobata on the rat liver was investigated using a total of twenty five (25) adult Wister rats of both sexes that were randomly divided into five groups of five rats each. Group I served as the control, while rats in groups II-IV where administered 100mg, 200mg and 300mg per kg body weight of the extract respectively for 28 days. Rats in group V were administered 300mg per kg of the extract for 28 days and allowed to stay for 14 days post treatment to observe for reversibility, persistence or delayed occurrence of toxic effects. At the end of the experimental period the animals were sacrificed and liver weight taken and fixed for routine histological examinations. Administration of the extract to rats had no effects on liver and body weights but the extract caused a decrease in albumin level and increases in the levels of Aspartate transaminases(AST), Alanine transaminases (ALT) and Alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Histopathological assessment of the liver revealed mild to severe interstitial hemorrhage, mononuclear cell infiltration, necrosis, congestion, and edema in the liver of the treated rats while withdrawal of the extract for 14 days showed a slight degree of recovery in the rats. This findings suggest that the biochemical and morphological organization of the liver can significantly be altered with continues and increase use of the extract, but further studies on the long term effect of the extract and a prolonged recovery period is recommended in further studies.