Review on Emerging and Re-Emerging Bacterial Zoonotic Diseases

Zoonotic diseases are those diseases that are naturally transmitted between vertebrate animals and man with or without an arthropod intermediates. This manuscript paper is aimed at reviewing emerging and re-emerging bacterial zoonoses, factors of emergence and re-emergence and surveillance and control measures against these diseases. Bacterial diseases are one of zoonotic diseases that may emerge or re-emerge after once thought to be eradicated. Emerging infectious diseases are those for which the incidence in humans has increased in the past two decades or threatens to increase in the near future. Emerging bacteria zoonotic diseases results in social problem with tremendous consequences for the wellbeing of individuals and the world as well. Re-emerging bacterial zoonotic diseases are those diseases which are known and reappear after a decline in incidence. The main factors leading for the emergence and re-emergence of those bacterial zoonotic diseases are an increased risk of exposure to zoonotic agents, the breakdown of the host's defenses, the emergence of bacterial strains resistant to antibiotics and their widespread distribution and also conjunctional causes associated with the action or in action of man. In order to prevent both human and animal deaths and also to avoid potential economic problems resulted by emerging and re-emerging bacterial zoonotic diseases, there should be good surveillance and control methods of these diseases. The surveillance systems used may be of national or regional level while the controlling methods currently used are sanitary prophylaxis and medical prophylaxis. In conclusion, to combat these emerging and re-emerging bacterial zoonotic diseases it is better to know the epidemiology, route of entrance and the factors leading to such diseases.