Differentiating sepsis from non-infective systemic inflammatory response syndrome: Comparison between C-reactive protein and Leptin

Differentiation of sepsis from non-infectious SIRS is important in improving sepsis outcome. We intended in this study to evaluate the role of serum Leptin and to compare it with CRP in differentiating sepsis from non-infectious SIRS. We included 30 patients with SIRS. According to the presence or absence of infection, our patients were classified into SIRS group and sepsis group. Leptin and CRP were evaluated in all patients on admission, day 2 and day 4. Our patients had a mean age of 52.3 ± 18.6 year old, 10 males (33.3%). There were no significant differences regarding baseline demographic and clinical data apart from blood pressures which were lower in the sepsis group. Serum Leptin on Day 2 only was higher in the sepsis group (44.2 ± 17.7 μg/L vs. 31.1 ± 2.1 μg/L, P = 0.008) with no difference in days 0 and 4 of admission. We detected a serum Leptin level of 38.05 μg/L on day 2 to be 93% sensitive and 100% specific to diagnose sepsis. The three serum CRP levels were higher in sepsis compared to SIRS group (61.2 ± 9 mg/L vs. 48.9 ± 7.1 mg/L, P < 0.001 in day 0, 71.5 ± 9.6 mg/L and 196.8 ± 39.8 mg/L in sepsis group vs. 56.9 ± 8 mg/L and 73.7 ± 32.5 mg/L in SIRS group for days 2 and 4 respectively, P < 0.001 for both). We found a CRP of 67.5 mg/L on day 2 having 87% sensitivity and 93% specificity for the diagnosis of sepsis. We concluded that despite serum Leptin may not be beneficial in early differentiation between sepsis and non infectious SIRS on admission; it may be highly specific on second day.