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1992•Annual Review of NutritionRequires access

Dietary Carotenes, Vitamin C, and Vitamin E as Protective Antioxidants in Human Cancers

T. Byers, Geraldine Perry

Open publisher page 523 citations

Abstract

INTRODUCTION .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . . .... . . . . ... . .... . . . . .... . . ...... . . ..... . . . .. . . . .... . . . .. . . . 1 39 DIETARY ANTIOXIDANTS: THEORETICAL ROLES IN CANCER PREVENTION .... . .. . . . . .... . . . ... . . .. . ........ . ... . .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140 LABORATORY ANIMAL RESEARCH . . . . . .. . . . . . . ...... .. . .. . .. . . .. . . ... . . .... . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . 142 Carotenoids ... . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . . . . . . . . . ..... ....... . . . .. . . . .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 Vitamin C . . ... . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. .. . . . . ..... . .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... . . . ... . . .. . . . . .. . . . 144 Vitamin E. . . . . . . . ... . . . ..... . ... . . . .. ..... .. . . . ..... . . ....... . . . . .... . . . . .... . . . . . . . 144 EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES . . . ..... . . . .... . . ...... . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 Dietary Assessment . . .. . . .... . . . . .... . .... . . ...... . .. . . . . .. . . . .... . . . ..... . . ... . . . . ... . . . .. . . .. . . . 145 Case-Control and Cohort Diet Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . 145 Studies of Blood Nutrients . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . . .... . . . . . ... . . . ...... . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. ...... . . . . . . 1 5 1 Randomized Controlled Trials. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... . . . . ... . 153 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS . ... . .. . . .. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . ... . .. . ... . . .. . . .. . 153

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What this paper is about

INTRODUCTION .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . . .... . . . . ... . .... . . . . .... . . ...... . . ..... . . . .. . . . .... . . . .. . . . 1 39 DIETARY ANTIOXIDANTS: THEORETICAL ROLES IN CANCER PREVENTION .... . .. . . . . .... . . . ... . . .. . ........ . ... . .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140 LABORATORY ANIMAL RESEARCH . . . . . .. . . . . . . ...... .. . .. . .. . . .. . . ... . . .... . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . 142 Carotenoids ... . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . . . . . . . . . ..... ....... . . . .. . . . .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 Vitamin C . . ... . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. .. . . . . ..... . .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... . . . ... . . .. . . . . .. . . . 144 Vitamin E. . . . . . . . ... . . . ..... . ... . . . .. ..... .. . . . ..... . . ....... . . . . .... . . . . .... . . . . . . . 144 EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES . . . ..... . . . .... . . ...... . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 Dietary Assessment . . .. . . .... . . . . .... . .... . . ...... . .. . . . . .. . . . .... . . . ..... . . ... . . . . ... . . . .. . . .. . . . 145 Case-Control and Cohort Diet Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . 145 Studies of Blood Nutrients . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . . .... . . . . . ... . . . ...... . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. ...... . . . . . . 1 5 1 Randomized Controlled Trials. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... . . . . ... . 153 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS . ... . .. . . .. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . ... . .. . ... . . .. . . .. . 153

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Available abstract

INTRODUCTION .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . . .... . . . . ... . .... . . . . .... . . ...... . . ..... . . . .. . . . .... . . . .. . . . 1 39 DIETARY ANTIOXIDANTS: THEORETICAL ROLES IN CANCER PREVENTION .... . .. . . . . .... . . . ... . . .. . ........ . ... . .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140 LABORATORY ANIMAL RESEARCH . . . . . .. . . . . . . ...... .. . .. . .. . . .. . . ... . . .... . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . 142 Carotenoids ... . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . . . . . . . . . ..... ....... . . . .. . . . .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 Vitamin C . . ... . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. .. . . . . ..... . .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... . . . ... . . .. . . . . .. . . . 144 Vitamin E. . . . . . . . ... . . . ..... . ... . . . .. ..... .. . . . ..... . . ....... . . . . .... . . . . .... . . . . . . . 144 EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES . . . ..... . . . .... . . ...... . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 Dietary Assessment . . .. . . .... . . . . .... . .... . . ...... . .. . . . . .. . . . .... . . . ..... . . ... . . . . ... . . . .. . . .. . . . 145 Case-Control and Cohort Diet Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . 145 Studies of Blood Nutrients . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . . .... . . . . . ... . . . ...... . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. ...... . . . . . . 1 5 1 Randomized Controlled Trials. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... . . . . ... . 153 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS . ... . .. . . .. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . ... . .. . ... . . .. . . .. . 153

Key concepts: Vitamin, Vitamin E, Vitamin C, Medicine, Internal medicine, Antioxidant, beta-Carotene, Ascorbic acid

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