The evolution of triples with a Roche lobe filling outer star

The evolution of triples has not attracted much attention in the literature, although their evolution can be dramatically different from binaries and single stars. Triples are quite common, and we find that for about 1 per cent of the triples in the Tokovinin catalogue of multiple stellar systems in the solar neighbourhood, the tertiary star will overflow its Roche lobe at some time in its evolution, before any of the inner stars leave the main sequence. For two of these systems, ξ Tau and HD 97131, we simulate in detail this phase of mass transfer, during which stellar evolution, gravitational dynamics and hydrodynamics all play an important role. We have used amuse to solve these physical processes in a self-consistent way. The resulting evolution, mass transfer and the effects on the inner as well as on the outer orbit are profound, although it is not trivial to predict the eventual consequence of the phase of mass transfer and the appearance of the resulting system.