Automatic application-specific instruction-set extensions under microarchitectural constraints

Many commercial processors now offer the possibility of extending their instruction set for a specific application---that is, to introduce customised functional units. There is a need to develop algorithms that decide automatically, from high-level application code, which operations are to be carried out in the customised extensions. A few algorithms exist but are severely limited in the type of operation clusters they can choose and hence reduce significantly the effectiveness of specialisation. In this paper we introduce a more general algorithm which selects maximal-speedup convex subgraphs of the application dataflow graph under fundamental microarchitectural constraints, and which improves significantly on the state of the art.