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Blood Codeine Concentrations in Fatalities Associated with Codeine

James A. Wright, Randall C. Baselt, Charles H. Hine

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Abstract

The toxicologic findings in eight cases of death due primarily to codeine overdosage are presented. Blood codeine concentrations ranged from 1.4 to 5.6 mug/ml as determined by gas-liquid chromatography. Morphine was found in only two of the blood samples, at concentrations of 0.2 and 0.6 mug/ml, and may have resulted from heroin usage rather than codeine metabolism. A case of death of a codeine user by violent means is also presented in which the blood codeine concentration was 2.6 mug/ml.

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What this paper is about

The toxicologic findings in eight cases of death due primarily to codeine overdosage are presented. Blood codeine concentrations ranged from 1.4 to 5.6 mug/ml as determined by gas-liquid chromatography. Morphine was found in only two of the blood samples, at concentrations of 0.2 and 0.6 mug/ml, and may have resulted from heroin usage rather than codeine metabolism. A case of death of a codeine user by violent means is also presented in which the blood codeine concentration was 2.6 mug/ml.

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OpenAlex reports 21 citations for this work. Citation counts describe recorded attention and do not establish research quality.

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Available abstract

The toxicologic findings in eight cases of death due primarily to codeine overdosage are presented. Blood codeine concentrations ranged from 1.4 to 5.6 mug/ml as determined by gas-liquid chromatography. Morphine was found in only two of the blood samples, at concentrations of 0.2 and 0.6 mug/ml, and may have resulted from heroin usage rather than codeine metabolism. A case of death of a codeine user by violent means is also presented in which the blood codeine concentration was 2.6 mug/ml.

Key concepts: Codeine, Morphine, Heroin, Forensic toxicology, Anesthesia, Medicine, Blood concentration, Pharmacology

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