Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy in a 10-month-old girl with staghorn calculus

ABSTRACT Introduction: Urolithiasis is rare in developed countries. Staghorn calculi are a type of upper urinary tract stone that involves the renal pelvis and extends into at least two calyces. Although all types of urinary stones can potentially form staghorn calculi, approximately 75% are composed of a struvite matrix and are generally associated with urinary tract infection caused by urea -splitting bacteria. Curative treatment is possible only by eliminating all of the stone fragments and by eradicating urinary tract infections. Case Report: We present a case of a 10-month-old girl with a staghorn calculus caused by multiple urinary tract infections. After urine sterilisation, extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy was performed during separate sessions. Following her last treatment, the child is free of nephrolithiasis. Conclusion: Struvite calculi should be considered in all children with Proteus urinary tract infection. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy is an efficient and safe treatment in young children (<2 years) and should be considered as the first option.