2009Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fieldsOpen access

Is w≠−1 evidence for a dynamical dark energy equation of state?

P. P. Avelino, A. M. M. Trindade, P. T. P. Viana

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Abstract

Current constraints on the dark energy equation of state parameter, $w$, are expected to be improved by more than 1 order of magnitude in the next decade. If $|w\ensuremath{-}1|\ensuremath{\gtrsim}0.01$ around the present time, but the dark energy dynamics is sufficiently slow, it is possible that future constraints will rule out a cosmological constant while being consistent with a time-independent equation of state parameter. In this paper, we show that although models with such behavior can be constructed, they do require significant fine-tuning. Therefore, if the observed acceleration of the Universe is induced by a dark energy component, then finding $w\ensuremath{\ne}\ensuremath{-}1$ would, on its own, constitute very strong evidence for a dynamical dark energy equation of state.

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What this paper is about

Current constraints on the dark energy equation of state parameter, $w$, are expected to be improved by more than 1 order of magnitude in the next decade. If $|w\ensuremath{-}1|\ensuremath{\gtrsim}0.01$ around the present time, but the dark energy dynamics is sufficiently slow, it is possible that future constraints will rule out a cosmological constant while being consistent with a time-independent equation of state parameter. In this paper, we show that although models with such behavior can be constructed, they do require significant fine-tuning. Therefore, if the observed acceleration of the Universe is induced by a dark energy component, then finding $w\ensuremath{\ne}\ensuremath{-}1$ would, on its own, constitute very strong evidence for a dynamical dark energy equation of state.

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Available abstract

Current constraints on the dark energy equation of state parameter, $w$, are expected to be improved by more than 1 order of magnitude in the next decade. If $|w\ensuremath{-}1|\ensuremath{\gtrsim}0.01$ around the present time, but the dark energy dynamics is sufficiently slow, it is possible that future constraints will rule out a cosmological constant while being consistent with a time-independent equation of state parameter. In this paper, we show that although models with such behavior can be constructed, they do require significant fine-tuning. Therefore, if the observed acceleration of the Universe is induced by a dark energy component, then finding $w\ensuremath{\ne}\ensuremath{-}1$ would, on its own, constitute very strong evidence for a dynamical dark energy equation of state.

Key concepts: Dark energy, Equation of state, Deceleration parameter, Physics, Energy (signal processing), State (computer science), Order (exchange), Acceleration

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