Pulmonary Lipiodol Embolism after Transcatheter Chemoembolization for Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Pulmonary lipiodol embolism is a rare but very fatal complication of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE), Here we present the case of an unusual complication of TACE in a 67-year-old man who presented with dyspnea, hemoptysis, and a history of a third session of TACE for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) that had been performed 3 days prior to presenting.On the basis of chest X-ray and computed tomography (CT) scan findings, we diagnosed pulmonary lipiodol embolism.He was conservatively treated with oxygen and haemostatic agents.The patient recovered quickly without any significant sequela and was discharged.