Value of routine intraoperative cholangiography in detecting aberrant bile ducts and bile duct injuries during laparoscopic cholecystectomy

A prospective study was performed to determine the frequency and type of bile duct abnormalities, and to determine whether routine use of intraoperative cholangiography during laparoscopic cholecystectomy might aid in the prevention of bile duct injuries. Overall, anatomical aberrations of the bile ducts were found in 98 (19 per cent) of 513 cholangiograms. The most common anomalies were at the hepatic confluence and constituted different types of right hepatic subsegmental ducts draining separately into the biliary tree (n = 43, 8.4 per cent), either close to the cystic duct or directly into the cystic duct. Three bile duct injuries (0.5 per cent) occurred during the study period. These results show that routine intraoperative cholangiography is feasible and provides valuable information about the anatomy of the biliary tract, thereby improving the safety of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. If an injury to the biliary tract occurs early during operation, the cholangiogram allows the surgeon to detect the injury, to make a prompt repair and thereby reduce the morbidity associated with a delayed diagnosis. Routine use of intraoperative cholangiography is strongly recommended.