1990•ACM Computing SurveysOpen access

Implementing fault-tolerant services using the state machine approach: a tutorial

Fred B. Schneider

Abstract

The state machine approach is a general method for implementing fault-tolerant services in distributed systems. This paper reviews the approach and describes protocols for two different failure models—Byzantine and fail stop. Systems reconfiguration techniques for removing faulty components and integrating repaired components are also discussed.

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Key concepts: Computer science, Control reconfiguration, Abstract state machines, Byzantine fault tolerance, Distributed computing, Fault tolerance, State (computer science), Finite-state machine