Spontaneous Growing Syndrome of an Immature Teratoma

Background: Immature teratomas of the ovary represent less than 1% of all ovarian teratomas. Growing teratoma syndrome is an increase of tumor size containing a mature teratoma component, during or after chemotherapy for germ cell tumors. Case: We report a case of an immature teratoma of the ovary in a 21-year-old girl treated by cystectomy only. She presented a few months later with a pelvic mass with widespread diffuse peritoneal involvement exhibiting a spontaneous growing teratoma syndrome. Conclusion: Present case shows that spontaneous growing syndrome can occur in ovarian teratoma. Ovarian tumors in young girl should be always considered as being potentially malignant to offer hope for curative treatment and fertility.