Agronomic, cytogenetic, and isoenzymatic characterizations of oat somaclones

Immature embryo-derived somaclones regenerated from genotypes UPF 12, UPF 89S080 and UFRGS 7 were analyzed for eight agronomic traits and two enzymatic systems in order to evaluate the potential of tissue cultures to induce genetic variability in oats (Avena sativa L.). Some somaclones were also analyzed cytogenetically. Agronomic traits were evaluated in the field for all somaclones in 1993 and 1994. Bi-directional variation (P < 0.05) was detected for all characteristics, and the average frequency of variation observed in 1993 in somaclones from genotypes UPF 12 and UPF 89S080 was 35.2%. Variation observed for agronomic characteristics was heritable through two generations. Isoenzymatic analysis showed variation for both enzymatic systems in four somaclones. In general, the frequency of abnormalities at the cytogenetic level was low. The few that were observed had no effect on the meiotic index. Tissue culture can generate variability in oats in breeding programs.