Virus‐vector nematodes in cereals and fruit crops in Spain

Studies on nepoviruses and tobraviruses, and their relationships with their associated vector nematodes, are scarce in Spain. However, virus disease symptoms have often been detected and their nematode vectors are widespread in Peninsular Spain. Nepovirus vector nematodes (Longidorus attenuatus, L. coespiticola, L. elongatus, L. macrosoma, Xiphinema coxi, X. diversicaudatum, X. index, X. italiae, X. pseudocoxi and X. vuittenezi) have been found associated with fruit and cereal crops. All are also widespread in other crops and uncultivated areas, together with X. rivesi, which has not yet been found associated with fruit and cereal crops in Spain. Tobravirus vectors have been less studied in Spain. Of the five recorded species, Paratrichodorus minor and Trichodorus primitivus are present on maize and wheat respectively. The geographical and host distribution of these nematodes are given and their ecological characteristics are discussed.