Averaging Techniques and Their Application to Orbit Determination Systems

The theory of numerical averaging and analytical averaging will be reviewed and the application of these techniques to orbit and parameter estimation problems will be presented. Comparisons will be made between utilizing mean elements vs tracking data as the observation types. Results will be presented comparing the accuracy and efficiency of the combined orbit estimation and orbit prediction problem using averaged equations of motion, the Cowell equations of motion, and the Brouwer general perturbation theory. The problem of converting the averaged element space back to osculating element space for orbit operations will also be discussed.