Contribution of mosquito vectors in malaria transmission in an urban district of Southern Cameroon

In order to observe the role of vectors in malaria transmission in an urban area, a 12-month longitudinal entomological survey was conducted from January to December 2007 at Ekombitie, a central district of Ebolowa, south Cameroon. Mosquitoes captured indoors by human volunteers were identified morphologically. Among the 14.468 mosquitoes captured, three vectors were identified: Anophelesgambiae s.l., Anopheles moucheti and Anopheles funestus. A. gambiae was the most aggressive species with 38.72 bites per human per night. A. gambiae s.l.was the main malaria vector at Ekombitie with 86.72% of total transmission, followed by A. moucheti (12.38%) A. funestus (0.9%). Malaria transmission occurred throughout the year and was due each month to at least two vector species, A. gambiae s.l. (98 infective bites/human/year) and A. moucheti (14 infective bite/human/year) being always involved.   Key words: Malaria, transmission, Anopheles gambiae, Ekombitie, Cameroon.