Support Interoperability and Reusability of Emerging Forms of Assessment: Some Issues on Integrating IMS LD with IMS QTI

In comparison with traditional assessment, emerging forms of assessment (e.g., self-/peer assessment and 360 degree assessment) involve multiple phases and multiple roles/persons, which are process-oriented assessment. IMS Question and Test Interoperability (QTI) is an open technical specification for task-oriented assessment, which has insufficient expressiveness to specify emerging forms of assessment. Meanwhile, existing software tools supporting emerging forms of assessment lack interoperability and reusability. In this chapter, we claim that a combined use of QTI and IMS Learning Design (LD) is able to support interoperability and reusability of emerging forms of assessment. In order to support this claim, we analyze the characteristics of four emerging forms of assessment from the perspective of process technologies and present the method to specify emerging forms of assessment using QTI and LD. Furthermore, we present the difficulties and problems that we encountered when modeling emerging forms of assessment and propose possible solutions to solve the problems.