Tidal residuals in the English Channel

The amplitude and phase of tidal characteristics in the English Channel have been described both using numerical models (Grijalva, 1962; Hyacinthe & Kravtchenko, 1967) and a hydraulic model on a rotating table (Chabert d'Hières & le Provost, 1970). The aim behind the development of the numerical model described here is first to derive an accurate representation of the principal lunar semi-diurnal (M2) tide in the English Channel and then to use the currents generated by the tidal input to determine the tidal circulation patterns and residual flow through the English Channel. A test of the model must be its ability to reproduce the known clockwise eddy in Lyme Bay and the south-ward flow either side of Portland Bill. If these known tidal residuals can be reproduced then the model may help to elucidate residuals in other regions where the flow is unknown. In addition to deriving the mean tidal velocities, horizontal distributions for the mean squared and cubed values are calculated and the importance of these distributions in determining the nature of the bottom and the degree of stratification of the water column in summer is demonstrated.