Stripping Voltammetry of Trace Metals at Bismuth‐Film Electrodes by Batch‐Injection Analysis

Abstract In this work, we explore the utility of batch‐injection analysis (BIA) for the determination of trace metals by stripping voltammetry utilising a bismuth‐film electrode (BiFE). This methodology is characterised by experimental simplicity, low cost, rapidity, versatility and low consumption of solutions. The BIA‐stripping voltammetry combination was applied to the determination of Cd(II), Pb(II), Zn(II) and In(III) by anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) and of Ni(II), Co(II), U(VI) and Al(III) by adsorptive stripping voltammetry (AdSV). Different strategies using stripping voltammetry in combination with BIA have been investigated, such as the use of polymer‐coated BiFEs and the application of the “medium‐exchange” approach. The analytical usefulness of the methodology has been demonstrated for the analysis of real samples.