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1927•Journal of HygieneOpen access

The Relation of Rat-fleas to Plague in Shanghai

E. P. Hicks

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Abstract

1. Though Shanghai is in close communication with ports in which plague is endemic, it has not suffered severely. 2. The number of human cases is small compared with the number of plague-infected rats found. 3. Both X. cheopis and C. fasciatus are found. Reasons are given for considering that X. cheopis is the chief agent in spreading plague, and that infection, being unlikely to reach Shanghai during the season when this flea flourishes, has difficulty in gaining a foothold. 4. The discrepancy between the number of cases of human and rat plague may possibly be explained by the habits of C. fasciatus.

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What this paper is about

1. Though Shanghai is in close communication with ports in which plague is endemic, it has not suffered severely. 2. The number of human cases is small compared with the number of plague-infected rats found. 3. Both X. cheopis and C. fasciatus are found. Reasons are given for considering that X. cheopis is the chief agent in spreading plague, and that infection, being unlikely to reach Shanghai during the season when this flea flourishes, has difficulty in gaining a foothold. 4. The discrepancy between the number of cases of human and rat plague may possibly be explained by the habits of C. fasciatus.

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Available abstract

1. Though Shanghai is in close communication with ports in which plague is endemic, it has not suffered severely. 2. The number of human cases is small compared with the number of plague-infected rats found. 3. Both X. cheopis and C. fasciatus are found. Reasons are given for considering that X. cheopis is the chief agent in spreading plague, and that infection, being unlikely to reach Shanghai during the season when this flea flourishes, has difficulty in gaining a foothold. 4. The discrepancy between the number of cases of human and rat plague may possibly be explained by the habits of C. fasciatus.

Key concepts: Plague (disease), Xenopsylla, Flea, Biology, Veterinary medicine, Zoology, Geography, Medicine

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