Validation of Gene Silencing Using RNA Interference in Buffalo Granulosa Cells

Silencing of a specific gene using RNAi (RNA interference) is a valuable tool for functional analysis of a target gene.However, information on RNAi for analysis of gene function in farm animals is relatively nil.In the present study, we have validated the interfering effects of siRNA (small interfering RNA) using both quantitative and qualitative gene silencing in buffalo granulosa cells.Qualitative gene knockdown was validated using a fluorescent vector, enhanced green fluorescence protein (EGFP) and fluorescently labeled siRNA (Cy3) duplex.While quantitatively, siRNA targeted against the luciferase and CYP19 mRNA was used to validate the technique.CYP19 gene, a candidate fertility gene, was selected as a model to demonstrate the technique optimization.However, to sustain the expression of CYP19 gene in culture conditions using serum is difficult because granulosa cells have the tendency to luteinize in presence of serum.Therefore, serum free culture conditions were optimized for transfection and were found to be more suitable for the maintenance of CYP19 gene transcripts in comparison to culture conditions with serum.Decline in fluorescence intensity of green fluorescent protein (EGFP) was observed following co-transfection with plasmid generating siRNA targeted against EGFP gene.Quantitative decrease in luminescence was seen when co-transfected with siRNA against the luciferase gene.A significant suppressive effect on the mRNA levels of CYP19 gene at 100 nM siRNA concentration was observed.Also, measurement of estradiol levels using ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) showed a significant decline in comparison to control.In conclusion, the present study validated gene silencing using RNAi in cultured buffalo granulosa cells which can be used as an effective tool for functional analysis of target genes.