Surgery for a Complex Anal Fistula

Purpose: Because of the complexity and un-expectation of the courses and clinical features for the complex anal fistula, the management of it presents a difficult surgical challenge.Various techniques have been used, such as seton placement, advancement flap closure, muscle filling procedure, and fibrin glue injection.The classic lay-open and seton placement may distort the anal anatomy and result in poor functional outcomes, such as incontinence.Also, advancement flap techniques are associated with relatively high recurrence rates.This study assesses the results of surgery for a complex anal fistula, as performed in Hangun Hospital, Busan.Operative procedures were comprised of two or more separate procedures, including 1) a total fistulectomy, 2) muscle reconstruction, sometimes muscle transposition, 3) direct closure of the primary opening without making a mucosal advancement flap, and 4) a drainage procedure and/or other minor procedure.Methods: Surgical procedures were performed on 22 patients (18 males) with a complex anal fistula between July 2004 and December 2004.The clinical and the manometric results were analyzed with respect to postoperative recurrence, delayed wound healing, and postoperative fecal incontinence.Results: Nineteen of the 22 patients were completely healed without any sequelae.Treatment failure was encountered in one patient two months postoperatively, when an additional fistulotomy was performed to achieve a cure.There were two patients displaying delayed healing, who were successfully treated by curettage.No patient complained of postoperative fecal incontinence in either the clinical examination on the manometric study (mean resting pressure, 75.5±3.5 mmHg; maximal squeeze pressure, 175.7±10.3mmHg).Conclusions: This shortterm study suggests that a direct closure of the internal opening after a total fistulectomy can be an alternative surgical option for the treatment of a complex anal fistula.