Characterization and glutenin diversity in tetraploid wheat varieties in Sulaimanyah by wheat storage proteins

Important methods applied for the breeding of bread-quality wheat (Triticum durum L.) consist of smallscale bread-quality tests for the determination of the grain protein content, SDS-sedimentation volume, thousand weight kernel and kernel diameter. Wheat grains of six varieties were analyzed. The thousand weight kernel, protein content, kernel diameter, SDS-sedimentation volume and SDS index showed a difference significant among the varieties, whereas the flour yield showed no difference significant. The quality score and the variability of seed storage-proteins were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The high molecular weight (HMW) and low molecular weight (LMW) glutenin subunit band patterns for each variety were assigned the corresponding Payne numbers and theoretical quality scores based on those assignments. Three patterns of HMS-GS are designed: 6+8, 7+8 and 8+20. On the other hand, two patterns of LMW-GS were detected in the durum varieties. Genetic diversity of wheat was evaluated by constructing the dendrogram for high molecular weight (HMW) and low molecular weight (LMW) gluten subunit bands. It is concluded that seed storage protein profiles could be useful markers in the studies of genetic diversity and classification of adapted cultivars, thereby improving the efficiency of wheat breeding programs in cultivar development especially in a developing country.