1996•Academy of Management ReviewRequires access

Clarifying the Entrepreneurial Orientation Construct and Linking It To Performance

G. T. Lumpkin, Gregory G. Dess

Abstract

The primary purpose of this article is to clarify the nature of the entrepreneurial orientation (EO) construct and to propose a contingency framework for investigating the relationship between EO and firm performance. We first explore and refine the dimensions of EO and discuss the usefulness of viewing a firm's EO as a multidimensional construct. Then, drawing on examples from the EO-related contingencies literature, we suggest alternative models (moderating effects, mediating effects, independent effects, interaction effects) for testing the EO-performance relationship.

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Key concepts: Construct (python library), Entrepreneurial orientation, Contingency, Psychology, Contingency theory, Proactivity, Orientation (vector space), Knowledge management