Study of Carcinoma Esophagus in Dera Ismail Khan

Background: Carcinoma esophagus is a common malignant tumor in Pakistan and it is the 6th commonest tumor worldwide. The aim of this study was to know the characteristics of carcinoma esophagus in our set up. Methodology: It was a descriptive study conducted at DHQ Teaching Hospital D.I.Khan from August 2003 to March 2009. A total of 89 histological proven cases of esophageal carcinoma were collected after diagnosis and the endoscopic findings were observed. Biopsies of the lesions were taken for histopathological confirmation. Results: Among 89 cases of esophageal carcinoma studied 65(73%) were males and 24(27%) females, with male to female ratio of 2.7:1. Maximum cases were in 50-80 years age group. Majority of patients 70(78.64%) were from Zhob district, Afghanistan and tribal belt. Most of the patients 66(74%) were having history of tobacco use in the form of chewing or smoking. Middle third of esophagus was the common site involved. Squamous cell carcinoma was more common 75(84%) than adenocarcinoma 14(16%). Duration of disease at the time of presentation ranged from 2 to 10 months. The most common presentation was dysphagia for solids 84(94%). Conclusion: Esophageal carcinoma is more common in males and tobacco users. Its most common presentation is dysphagia for solids. Middle third is the most common site involved and squamous cell carcinoma is more common than adenocarcinoma.